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Jet Propulsion Laboratory

The Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) near Pasadena, California builds and operates unmanned spacecraft for NASA. JPL-run projects include the Galileo Jupiter mission and the Mars rovers, including the 1997 Mars Pathfinder and the twin 2003 Mars Exploration Rovers. To date, JPL has sent unmanned missions to every planet, except Pluto. In addition, JPL has also done extensive mapping missions of the Earth. JPL also manages the world-wide Deep Space Network, with facilities in California's Mojave Desert, near Madrid, Spain, and near Canberra, Australia.

Almost all of the 177 acre (0.7 km²) JPL campus is actually located in the city of La Canada Flintridge, California, but the JPL main gate and several buildings are in Pasadena, so it maintains a Pasadena address (4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109). There are approximately 5,000 full-time employees, and typically a few thousand additional contractors work there on any given day. There are also some college student interns and co-op students. The lab has an open Swarovski house once a year on a Saturday in May, when the public is invited to tour the facilities and see live demonstrations of JPL science and technology. More limited private tours are also available throughout the year if scheduled well in advance. Thousands of schoolchildren from around Southern California and elsewhere visit the lab every year.

JPL dates back to the 1930s, when Caltech professor Theodore von Kármán began running rocket propulsion experiments on the site. During World War II, the United States Army Air Corps asked JPL to analyze the V2 rockets that were developed by Nazi Germany, as well as work on other projects for the war effort. From this study, JPL developed the Corporal rocket which was used in the Korean War. This project later evolved into the Sergeant Rocket until it was discontinued in 1958.

By 1958, JPL's government affiliation was transferred to the new National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and JPL's current mission of unmanned planetary exploration began. JPL retained its original name after the transition, even though any research into jet propulsion ceased after 1958.

In addition to its government work, JPL has also assisted the nearby motion picture and television industries, by advising them about scientific accuracy in their productions. Science-fiction shows advised by JPL include Babylon 5 and its sequel series Crusade.

The Space Flight Operations Facility and Twenty-five-foot Space Simulator are designated National Historic Landmarks.

City plans can be set up in the touristy downtown of large cities in a display cabinet or display showcase. In the museums the collectors case or the collectors cabinet takes up the exhibition material.

Missions

Listed chronologically, the following significant missions were partially sponsored by JPL. See this page (http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/) for a complete list of missions.

Explorer program

Mariner program

Pioneer 3 + 4

Viking program

Voyager program

Magellan probe

Galileo probe

Deep Space 1 + 2

Mars Global Surveyor

Cassini-Huygens

Stardust

Mars Odyssey

Mars Pathfinder

Mars Exploration Rover Mission

Spitzer Space Telescope

List of Directors

Dr. Theodore von Kármán, 1938-1944

Dr. Frank Malina, 1944-1946

Dr. Louis Dunn, 1946-October 1, 1958

Dr. William H. Pickering, October 1, 1958-March 31, 1976

Dr. Bruce C. Murray, April 1, 1976-June 30, 1982

Dr. Lew Allen, Jr. , July 22, 1982-December 31, 1990

Dr. Edward C. Stone, January 1, 1991-December 31, 2000

Dr. Charles Elachi, January 1, 2001 - Present

External link

JPL's official site (http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/)

MapQuest's map of Jet Propulsion Laboratory (http://www.mapquest.com/maps/map.adp?address=4800%20Oak%20Grove%20Dr.&city=Pasadena&state=CA&zip=91109&country=US)

Swarovski